What is Hyperthyroidism?
First and foremost, you might be wondering, what is a “thyroid”? The thyroid is a butterfly shaped structure that produces thyroid hormones, and it is in the anterior aspect of one’s neck Thyroid hormones come in different forms, and it plays a very important role in us. It helps with metabolism, growth, various bodily functions and more. When there is too much thyroid hormones being produced, it results in hyperthyroidism which is what we are sharing about this month.
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is known as Grave’s Disease. Other causes include toxic nodules and the thyrotoxic phase of thyroiditis (2). In Singapore, thyroid disorders are more common in women aged 20 to 50 (3).
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
Symptoms vary in severity, but commonly include:
- Nervousness, anxiety, or irritability
- Weight loss despite an increased appetite
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Heat intolerance and excessive sweating
- Trembling hands or muscle weakness
- Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
- Eye problems, such as bulging eyes (common in Graves’ disease)
It is essential to seek medical advice if you notice these symptoms, as they may overlap with other conditions (4).
Causes of Hyperthyroidism
Several factors can lead to hyperthyroidism, including:
- Graves’ Disease: An autoimmune disorder causing excess hormone production (accounts for 70-80% of cases) (5).
- Toxic Nodular Goitre: Overactive thyroid nodules that increases hormone production (6).
- Excess Iodine Intake: High iodine levels, often from supplements or medications, can trigger hyperthyroidism.
- Family History: A family history of thyroid disorders increases susceptibility.
When Should You See a Doctor?
If you experience persistent symptoms like weight loss, heart palpitations, or anxiety, it’s crucial to consult a Doctor. Early diagnosis can prevent complications such as osteoporosis, atrial fibrillation, or in rare cases, thyroid storm—a life-threatening condition (7).
Doctors commonly conduct the following tests (non-exhaustive) (8):
- Physical Examination: To detect signs like goiter or rapid heart rate.
- Blood Tests: To measure various thyroid markers
- Imaging Tests: Imaging studies, like ultrasounds, to evaluate the thyroid gland
Early detection and proper management can make a significant difference in maintaining your overall well-being. Stay informed, stay proactive, and take control of your health in 2025.
References
- Szylvian, C. (2009). Thyroid Disorders: A Multi-Disciplined Analysis. Retrieved December 12, 2024, from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/151480655.pdf
- Lee, S.Y. and Pearce, E.N. (2023). Hyperthyroidism. JAMA, [online] 330(15), pp.1472–1472. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.19052.
- www.singhealth.com.sg. (n.d.). Hyperthyroidism. [online] Available at: https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/hyperthyroidism.
- Reid, J.R. and Wheeler, S.F. (2005). Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment. American Family Physician, [online] 72(4), pp.623–630. Available at: https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0815/p623.html.
- Graves’ Disease. (2005). Thyroid Disease, [online] pp.21–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-944-3:021.
- Linnell, J.W. (1956). Hyperthyroidism. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 10(4), pp.209–215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.1956.tb00521.x.
- Cleveland Clinic (2024). Hyperthyroidism: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication. [online] Cleveland Clinic. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism.
- Meng, W. (2001). Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung, [online] 95(1), pp.51–60. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11233497/.
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