Understanding Lung Cancer: What Every Singaporean Should Know

Lung cancer is a prevalent health concern in Singapore. Understanding its nature, types, and symptoms can empower you to take proactive steps for your health. This article provides a comprehensive overview of lung cancer, helping you stay informed and vigilant. 

Overview of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer often begins in the cell lining of the lung’s air passage. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide.

In Singapore, lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among males and the third highest among females. According to the Singapore Cancer Registry 2019 Annual Report, lung cancer made up 25.6% of cancer deaths in males and 15.5% of deaths in females in Singapore between 2015-2019(1)

Lung cancer had the second poorest survival rate for males 25.5% and the lowest survival rate for females 29.3%.(2)

While anyone can develop lung cancer, it is more prevalent among:

• Smokers : Smokers are 15-30 times more likely to get lung cancer.
• Individuals exposed to secondhand smoke: Secondhand smoke increases the risk by 20-30%.
• People exposed to pollutants and certain chemicals.

Types of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is broadly classified into two main types:

1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): This is the most common type, accounting for about 85% of cases. It includes subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
2. Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): Less common but more aggressive, SCLC accounts for about 15% of cases. It tends to spread quickly and is often found in heavy smokers.(3)

There are also other types of cancer that may affect the lung.

Signs and Symptoms

Early detection of lung cancer can significantly improve treatment outcomes. Here are the common signs and symptoms to watch out for:

• Persistent Cough: A cough that doesn’t go away or gets worse over time.
• Chest Pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest that may worsen with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing.
• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling winded with minimal exertion.
• Hoarseness: A change in voice or hoarse sound.
• Weight Loss: Unexplained loss of appetite and weight.
• Coughing Up Blood: Even a small amount of blood in the cough can be a sign of lung cancer.
• Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and lack of energy.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional promptly.

Stay informed and proactive about your health. Early detection and treatment can make a significant difference in managing lung cancer effectively. Seek medical advice without delay If you have any concerns.

Remember, your health is in your hands. Stay vigilant and take charge of your well-being!

References:

• What Is Lung Cancer – Health365.sg
• Singapore Lung Cancer Statistics – Health365.sg
• https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-cancer/about/what-is.html